Implementation processes of social network interventions for physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of the implementation process of interventions are essential for bridging the gap between research and practice. This scoping review aims to identify the implementation process of social network interventions (SNI) to address physical activity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. METHODS: The scoping review was conducted adhering to the established guidelines. The search was carried out in the ERIC, EBSCO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Lilacs databases in April 2023. Social network intervention studies in children and adolescents were included, addressing physical activity or sedentary behaviors. Replicability (TIDieR), applicability (PRECIS-2), and generalizability (RE-AIM) were the explored components of the implementation process. Each component was quantitatively and separately analyzed. Then, a qualitative integration was carried out using a narrative method. RESULTS: Most SNI were theoretically framed on the self-determination theory, used social influence as a social mechanism, and used the individual typology of network intervention. Overall, SNI had strong replicability, tended to be pragmatic, and three RE-AIM domains (reach, adoption (staff), and implementation) showed an acceptable level of the generalizability of findings. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed SNI for physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adolescents tended to be reported with high replicability and were conducted pragmatically, i.e., with very similar conditions to real settings. The RE-AIM domains of reach, adoption (staff), and implementation support the generalizability of SNI. Some domains of the principles of implementation strategies of SNI had acceptable external validity (actor, action targets, temporality, dose, and theoretical justification).

Academic performance and social networks of adolescents in a caribbean city in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Social factors and networks of friends can influence an adolescent's behavior, including academic performance (AP) in school. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between AP and adolescents' social networks in a Caribbean city in Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 806 schoolchildren from 12 to 17 years old of both sexes (52.7% girls), selected by multi-stage sampling from schools in the rural and urban areas of the city of Montería, Colombia. The AP was obtained from the school records; the sociodemographic variables included the location of the school (rural or urban), family structure, family functioning (Apgar score), and family affluence scale. Social network variables included social activity, popularity, reciprocity, homophily, friends' academic performance, network size, network density, cluster of friends, and centrality. RESULTS: The AP was inversely associated with the Apgar score in boys. No associations of AP with the school location, family structure, family affluence scale, and age were observed. In social network variables, AP was positively associated with popularity and friends' academic performance in girls and boys, and negatively associated with homophily in boys. CONCLUSIONS: AP was associated with social network variables. These results could help implement interventions to improve adolescents' social environment and AP.

Friends, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in university students: A social network analysis / Amigos, actividad física y comportamiento sedentario en estudiantes universitarios: un análisis de redes sociales

Abstract Introduction: Understanding the processes of socialization during youth and their association with healthy behaviors is crucial for university education. Objective: To explore the associations of the characteristics of friendship networks with being physically active and having a sedentary behavior in university students. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 475 university students and based on a social network analysis. Measurements included sociodemographic, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and friendship network variables. The associations between the characteristics of friendship networks and physical activity and sedentary behavior were explored using logistic regression models. Confidence intervals (95%) were estimated and a significance level of p<0.05 was considered. Results: In women, being part of at least a cluster of friends was significantly associated with being physically active (adjusted OR [aOR]: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.2-4.6), while being popular was significantly associated with a lower probability of being physically active (aOR: 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.7). Also, a ten-percentage point increase in active friends was significantly associated with a higher probability of being physically active (aOR: 9.3; 95%CI: 3.5-24.6). Regarding sedentary behavior, a ten-percentage point increase in the number of sedentary friends was significantly associated with a higher probability of being sedentary (aOR: 5.5; 95%CI: 2.5-12.3). In men, none of the studied associations were statistically significant. Conclusion: Some characteristics of social network are relevant for female university students in relation to their physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors. These findings highlight the need to consider friendship network dynamics for designing initiatives aimed at physical activity promotion and sedentary behavior reduction.

Resumen Introducción. El entendimiento de los procesos de socialización durante la juventud y su relación con conductas saludables son cruciales para la educación universitaria. Objetivo. Explorar las asociaciones de las características de la red social de amigos con ser físicamente activo y con tener un comportamiento sedentario en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, basado en un análisis de redes sociales, realizado en 475 estudiantes universitarios. Las mediciones realizadas incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, actividad física, conducta sedentaria y redes sociales de amigos. Las asociaciones entre las características de la red social de amigos con la actividad física y el comportamiento sedentario fueron exploradas mediante modelos de regresión logística. Se estimaron intervalos de confianza (95%) y se consideró un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados. En mujeres, ser parte de al menos un conglomerado de amigos se asoció significativamente con ser físicamente activa (OR ajustados: 2.3; IC95%: 1.2-4.6), mientras que ser popular se asoció significativamente con una menor probabilidad de ser físicamente activa (OR ajustados [aOR]: 0.3; IC95%: 0.1-0.7). Asimismo, un incremento de diez puntos porcentuales de amigos activos se asoció significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de ser físicamente activa (aOR: 9.3; IC95%: 3.5-24.6). En relación con el comportamiento sedentario, un incremento de diez puntos porcentuales de amigos sedentarios se asoció significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de ser sedentaria (aOR: 5.5; IC95%: 2.5-12.3). En hombres, ninguna de las asociaciones estudiadas fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión. Algunas características de las redes sociales de amigos fueron relevantes para las estudiantes universitarias en relación a sus niveles de actividad física y comportamiento sedentario. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de considerar las dinámicas de las redes sociales de amigos en el diseño de iniciativas orientadas a la promoción de la actividad física y la reducción de conductas sedentarias.

Family aspects, physical fitness, and physical activity associated with mental-health indicators in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to analyze the associations of family aspects, physical fitness, and physical activity with mental-health indicators in a sample of adolescents from Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of 988 adolescents (11-17 years-old) from public schools in Montería. Mental-health indicators were evaluated: Stress, depression, anxiety, happiness, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and subjective wellness. Family aspects included family affluence, functionality, and structure. These variables, along with physical activity and screen time, were measured with questionnaires. A fitness score was established by assessing the components of fitness: Flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, grip strength, and lower-limb strength. Associations were analyzed by multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: Nuclear family structure was associated with lower stress level (- 1.08, CI: - 1.98 - -0.18), and family functionality was associated with all the studied mental-health indicators (Stress: -0.11, CI: - 0.17 - -0.06; depression: -0.20, CI: - 0.25 - -0.16; trait anxiety: -0.13, CI: - 0.18 - -0.09; state anxiety: -0.12, CI: - 0.17 - -0.08; happiness: 0.09, CI: 0.07 - 0.1; HRQL: 1.13, CI: 0.99 - 1.27; subjective wellness: 1.67, CI: 1.39 - 1.95). Physical activity was associated (ß, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)) with depression (- 0.27, - 0.57 - -0.02), trait anxiety (- 0.39, CI: - 0.65 - -0.13), state anxiety (- 0.30, CI: - 0.53 - -0.07), happiness (0.14, CI: 0.06 - 0.22), HRQL (3.63, CI: 2.86 - 4.43), and subjective wellness (5.29, CI: 3.75 - 6.83). Physical fitness was associated with stress (- 0.80, CI: - 1.17 - -0.43), state anxiety (- 0.45, CI: - 0.73 - -0.17), and HRQL (1.75, CI: 0.82 - 2.69); screen time was only associated with stress (0.06, CI: 0.02 - 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Family aspects were associated with mental health indicators, especially family functionality which was associated all mental-health indicators. Similarly, fitness, physical activity, and screen time were associated with the studied indicators of mental health. Particularly, physical activity was associated with all the mental-health indicators, except stress, which was only associated with screen time. Physical fitness was associated with stress, anxiety, and HRQL. Future studies could explore the causal relationships of fitness, physical activity and screen time with mental health in adolescents.

Functional autonomy and sarcopenia markers in women over 55 years of age / Marcadores de autonomía funcional y de sarcopenia en mujeres mayores de 55 años

Abstract Introduction: Some parameters used to diagnose sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders can lead to interpretation and classification errors. Objective: To analyze sarcopenia markers and their relationship with the strength and gait of physically active older women aged between 55 and 76 years. Materials and Methods: Analytical observational study conducted in 178 physically active Colombian women who were distributed in two age groups (group 1: 55-66 years, n=98, and group 2: 67-76 years, n=80). A multiple linear regression model was used to establish possible correlations between strength and gait indicators (dependent variables) and body composition (independent variables). Results: Fat mass and appendicular mass (appendicular lean/height2(kg/m2)) explained power variance in the lower limbs in group 1 (G1) (SJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.56; CMJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.51; CM-JAS: R 2=0.60, p=0.001). Similar results were observed in group 2 (G2) (SJ: R 2=0.32, DWi=2.14; CMJ: R 2=0.51, DW2=2.38; CMJAS: R 2=0.41, DW3=2.56). Furthermore, fat mass explained variance in gait pattern in G1 and G2 differently (G1: p=-0.006; R 2=20%; G2: p=-0.001; R 2=29%). Conclusion: Recording fat and appendicular mass allow studying negative changes in lower limb strength and their effect on gait pattern, as well as identifying the type of sarcopenia and functional autonomy disorders in physically active Colombian women aged 55 to 76 years.

Resumen Introducción. Algunos parámetros empleados para diagnosticar sarcopenia y alteraciones en la autonomía funcional pueden llevar a errores de clasificación e interpretación. Objetivo. Analizar marcadores de sarcopenia y su relación con la fuerza y marcha de mujeres físicamente activas con edades entre 55 y 76 años. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional analítico realizado en 178 mujeres colombianas físicamente activas distribuidas en dos grupos (grupo 1: 55-66 años, n=98 y grupo 2: 67-76 años, n=80). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para establecer las posibles correlaciones entre los indicadores de fuerza y marcha (variables dependientes) y la composición corporal (variable independiente). Resultados. En el grupo 1 (G1) la masa grasa y la masa apendicular/altura2 explicaron la varianza de la potencia en miembros inferiores (SJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.56; CMJ: p=0.001, R 2=0.51; CMJAS: R 2=0.60, p=0.001). Similares resultados se observaron en el grupo 2 (G2) (SJ: #2=0.32, DWi=2.14; CMJ: R 2=0.51, DW2=2.38; CMJAS: R 2=0.41, DW3=2.56). Además, la masa grasa explicó, de manera diferenciada, la varianza en el G1 y G2 respecto al patrón de marcha (G1: p=-0.006, R 2=20°%; G2: p=-0.001, R 2=29%). Conclusión. Los registros de masa grasa y apendicular permiten estudiar los cambios negativos en la fuerza de miembros inferiores y su efecto sobre el patrón de marcha, así como identificar el tipo de sarcopenia y alteraciones en la autonomía funcional en mujeres colombianas físicamente activas entre 55 y 76 años.

Capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en estudiantes de educación superior: análisis de redes sociales de amigos universitarios / Cardiorespiratory capacity in higher education students: analysis of social networks of university friends / Capacidade cardiorrespiratória em estudantes de educação superior: análise de redes sociais de amigos universitários

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre las redes sociales de amigos y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: Estudio de corte, con muestreo aleatorio de cursos completos, por cada programa y semestre académico, con 475 participantes, realizado durante 2018. Se utilizaron mediciones de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y encuesta para determinar el nivel de actividad física, las actividades sedentarias y las métricas de red social (como densidad de la red, centralidad de la red, popularidad social, miembro de grupos, proporción de amigos activos físicamente y proporción de amigos con alta capacidad cardiorrespiratoria). Resultados: Las variables de la red social presentan un comportamiento diferente según sexo. En las mujeres, respecto a la red social, aumentar 10 % la proporción de amigos activos físicamente incrementa 150 % la posibilidad de tener capacidad cardiorrespiratoria alta (or: 2,50 ic:1,01-6,21); incrementar las relaciones sociales (centralidad de la red) disminuye la oportunidad de tener capacidad cardiorrespiratoria alta en 65 % (or: 0,35, ic:0,19-0,65); tener alta popularidad social acrecienta en 120 % la oportunidad de tener capacidad cardiorrespiratoria alta (or: 2,20, ic:1,07-4,55). En los hombres, no se encontró asociación entre las variables de la red social con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusiones: La capacidad cardiorrespiratoria es influenciada por la red social de amigos universitarios y su comportamiento difiere según sexo. La red social en la que se desenvuelven los sujetos es un medio en el que se comparten y trasmiten comportamientos saludables y no saludables.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between the social networks of friends and the cardiorespiratory capacity in university students. Methodology: A cut-off study was carried out in 2018; with random sampling of complete course groups for each program and academic semester with 475 participants. Weight, height, body mass index, and a survey were used to determine the level of physical activity, sedentary activities, and social network metrics (such as network density, network centrality, social popularity, group membership, rate of physically active friends, and rate of friends with high cardiorespiratory capacity). Results: The variables of the social network show a different behavior according to sex. Regarding the social network in women, an increase in the rate of physically active friends by 10 % increases the possibility of having high cardiorespiratory capacity by 150 % (or: 2.50, CI: 1.01-6.21); increasing social relationships (network centrality) decreases the probability of having high cardiorespiratory capacity by 65 % (or: 0.35, CI: 0.19-0.65); having high social popularity increases the chance of having high cardiorespiratory capacity by 120 % (or: 2.20, CI: 1.07-4.55). In men, no association was found between the variables of the social network and the cardiorespiratory capacity. Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory capacity is influenced by the social network of university friends, and its behavior differs according to sex. The social network in which the subjects operate is a medium where healthy and unhealthy behaviors are shared and transmitted.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre as redes sociais de amigos e a capacidade cardiorrespiratória em universitários. Metodologia: Estudo de corte, com amostragem aleatória de cursos completos, para cada programa e semestre letivo, com 475 participantes, realizado durante 2018. Peso, altura, índice de massa corporal e medidas de levantamento foram utilizados para determinar o nível de atividade física. atividades sedentárias e métricas de rede social (como densidade de rede, centralidade de rede, popularidade social, associação a grupos, proporção de amigos fisicamente ativos e proporção de amigos com alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória). Resultados: As variáveis da rede social apresentam um comportamento diferente de acordo com o sexo. Nas mulheres, em relação à rede social, aumentar a proporção de amigos fisicamente ativos em 10% aumenta em 150% a possibilidade de ter alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória (or: 2,50 ic: 1,01-6,21); aumentar as relações sociais (centralidade da rede) diminui a oportunidade de ter alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória em 65% (or: 0,35, ic: 0,19-0,65); Ter alta popularidade social aumenta a oportunidade de ter alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória em 120% (or: 2,20, ic: 1,07-4,55). Nos homens, não foi encontrada associação entre as variáveis da rede social com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Conclusões: A capacidade cardiorrespiratória é influenciada pela rede social de amigos da universidade e seu comportamento difere conforme o sexo. A rede social em que os sujeitos atuam é um meio em que comportamentos

Association between high blood pressure and fitness and fatness in adolescents / Presión arterial alta asociada con condición física y adiposidad en adolescentes

Abstract Introduction: Excess adiposity is considered the most important risk factor for high blood pressure (HBP) in children and adolescents. Objectives: To explore the association between HBP and overweight (OW) and abdominal obesity (AO), mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). To analyze the combined effect of excess adiposity and CRF on HBP among a sample of school-aged children from Montería, Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 546 adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years from 14 randomly selected schools in Montería. Blood pressure, anthropometric, and fitness measures were evaluated by trained personnel using standardized protocols and instrumentation. The association of HBP with fitness and fatness was analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: HBP was associated with OW, AO and low CRF. The inclusion of CRF in this model did not attenuate the association between HBP and OW and between HPB and AO. Adolescents with higher adiposity and low CRF were more likely to have HBP compared with those with lower adiposity and high CRF. Moreover, it was found that excess adiposity and low CRF had an additive effect on the risk for HBP among the sample. Conclusion: HBP is a prevalent condition in children and adolescents from Montería, Colombia. HBP is significantly associated with OW, AO, and low CRF; therefore, it is necessary to implement initiatives to promote healthy habits aimed at this population in order to reduce the incidence rate of HBP in Colombian adolescents.

Resumen Introducción. El exceso de adiposidad es considerado como el factor de riesgo más importante para la presión arterial alta (PAA) en niños y adolescentes. Objetivos. Explorar la asociación entre PAA y sobrepeso (SP) y obesidad abdominal (OA), mediada por condición física cardiorrespiratoria (CFC), y analizar el efecto combinado de la adiposidad excesiva y la CFC en la PAA en una muestra de escolares de Montería, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 546 adolescentes con edades entre 11 y 18 años de 14 escuelas seleccionadas aleatoriamente en Montería. Se evaluó la presión arterial, los indicadores antropométricos y la condición física; las mediciones fueron realizadas por personal capacitado mediante el uso de protocolos e instrumentos estandarizados. La asociación de PAA con condición física y adiposidad fue analizada a través de modelos de regresión logística. Resultados. Se encontró una asociación entre PAA y SP, OA y baja CFC. La inclusion de la CFC en el modelo no atenuó la asociación entre PAA y SP y entre PAA y OA. Los adolescentes con mayor adiposidad y baja CFC fueron más propensos a presentar PAA que aquellos con menor adiposidad y alta CFC. Además, se observó que la presencia de adiposidad excesiva y baja CFC aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar PAA. Conclusión. La PAA es una condición prevalente en niños y adolescentes de Montería, además se encontró una asociación estádisticamente significativa entre PAA y SP, OA, y baja CFC, por lo que es necesario que en el país se implementen estrategias que promuevan hábitos saludables en escolares y permitan reducir la tasa de incidencia de PAA en esta población.

Depresión, ansiedad y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en estudiantes universitarios de educación física y deportes / Depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life in college students of physical education and sports / Depressão, ansiedade e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em estudantes universitários de educação física e esportes

Introducción: la educación universitaria puede afectar la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: identificar el estado de depresión, ansiedad y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en estudiantes universitarios de educación física y deportes. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en 100 estudiantes universitarios. Se indagó sobre depresión, ansiedad, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, VO2máx, perímetro de cintura y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: se identificaron prevalencias de depresión del 22% y ansiedad del 10%. Las puntuaciones de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oscilaron entre 70 y 100 en diferentes dominios. Se encontraron asociaciones inversas de depresión y ansiedad con la edad y el VO2máx. Algunos dominios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se asociaron con perímetro de cintura, depresión, ansiedad, y VO2máx. Conclusiones: en la muestra se detectaron síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, y puntajes adecuados de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.

Introduction: University education may affect the mental health of university students. Objective: To identify the state of depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life in university students of physical education and sports. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 100 university students. Depression, anxiety, health-related quality of life, VO2máx, waist circumference, and sociodemographic variables were investigated. Results: Prevalences of depression and anxiety of 22 and 10%, respectively, were identified. Scores of health-related quality of life ranged from 70 to 100 in different domains. Inverse associations of depression and anxiety were found with age and VO2máx. Some health-related quality of life domains were associated with waist circumference, depression, anxiety, and VO2máx. Conclusions: In the sample, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and adequate scores of health-related quality of life were detected.

Introdução: O ensino universitário pode afetar a saúde mental dos estudantes universitários. Objetivo: identificar o estado de depressão, ansiedade e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em estudantes universitários de educação física e esportes. Método: estudo transversal realizado em 100 estudantes universitários; com eles se pesquisou sobre depressão, ansiedade, qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, VO2máx, circunferência da cintura (CP) e variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: as prevalências de depressão e ansiedade que foram de 22% e 10%, respectivamente. Os escores da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oscilaram de 70 a 100 em diferentes domínios. Além disso, evidenciaram-se associações inversas de depressão e ansiedade com a idade e o VO2máx. Alguns domínios da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde foram associados à circunferência da cintura , depressão, ansiedade e VO2máx. Conclusões: na amostra de estudantes universitários foram detectados sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, porém foram encontrados escores adequados de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde.

Time spent traveling in motor vehicles and its association with overweight and abdominal obesity in Colombian adults who do not own a car.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined associations between time spent traveling in motor vehicles per week (TSTMV) and BMI and abdominal obesity (AO) among Colombian adults residing in urban areas who do not own car. METHOD: Secondary data analysis of the 2005 National Nutrition Survey of Colombia was conducted. TSTMV was assessed using the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Body composition was measured in 7900 adults. Polytomous and binary logistic regressions were conducted, stratified by gender and adjusted for confounders, including physical activity (PA). RESULTS: Forty-two percent of participants were either overweight or obese according to their BMI, and 22.4% had AO. Males in the middle (10 to 149 min) and highest (>150 min) TSTMV tertiles were more likely to be overweight (POR=1.58, 95% CI=1.13-2.21 and POR=1.55, 95% CI=1.12-2.15 respectively, p-trend=0.012), obese (POR=2.39, 95% CI=1.43-3.99 and POR=1.93, 95% CI=1.22-3.08 respectively, p trend=0.019) and to have AO (POR=1.81, 95% CI=1.18-2.78 and POR=1.73, 95% CI=1.18-2.54 respectively, p-trend=0.009). Associations were not significant in females. CONCLUSIONS: TSTMV was positively associated with overweight and AO in adult Colombian males even after adjusting for PA. These findings highlight the potential deleterious health effects of sedentary behaviors such as prolonged traveling time, independently of having met PA recommendations.